The two Nobel prizes in physiology or medicine of 1995 and 2011 establish Drosophila genetics as a signifi cant contributor of genes and signaling pathways relevant to human disease, including innate immunity and cancer. Other than providing clues on mammalian gene homologue function, relatively little attention has been paid on the translational aspect of Drosophila genes, microbes and environmental factors that infl uence homeostasis and disease. This is particularly important for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention, for which molecular diagnostic tools are non-existent. While clinical studies provide a wealth of information on genes and microbes linked to infl ammatory bowel disease (IBD) and CRC, it is unknown if they can serve as biomarkers in terms of CRC prevention. We discuss the line of research showing that many biomarkers of intestinal infl ammation and CRC in humans may be modeled and mechanistically tested in fl ies. Vise versa, genes and processes, such as regenerative infl ammation and aging- associated DNA damage, found in fl ies to promote tumorigenesis may be tested as biomarkers of CRC risk in humans. Thus, modeling human intestinal infl ammation and cancer in fl ies can provide a means to assess causality of conserved genes and microbes that can colonize the fl y intestine. Moreover, successful modeling in fl ies enables the “treatability” of the pertinent biomarkers via dietary, probiotic and pharmacological interventions and paves the way for clinical trials of treatments that may alleviate intestinal infl ammation and the risk for CRC.

Weight is one of the very important parameters of good health. Obesity is now a recognized disease, considered to be a global epidemic. It is increasing in prevalence in adults, adolescents and children. A low level of physical activity, increased use of energy rich, and nutrient poor foods with high levels of sugar and saturated fat has led to increased rates of obesity in different areas like America, United Kingdom, Europe and the Middle East. The prevalence of obesity among adults rose from 14.9% to 24.9% between 1993 and 2013. The cost of obesity and its commorbities have upsurged to three billion Euros per year. It is predicted that by 2050; 60% of adult men, 50% of adult women and 25 percent of children will be engulfed by this disease of obesity. It is beyond doubt to express that morbidly obese people have high risk of physical and metabolic commorbities that impair their health and increase motartility.

Granulomatous gastritis is a condition which may occur in association with Crohn’s disease, sarcoidosis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, tuberculosis, foreign body reaction or certain drugs including cocaine. Here, we report a diagnosis of granulomatous gastritis in a sarcoidosis patient who presented with non-specifi c dyspeptic complaints.

Sixty seven year old male patient with hypotension, tachycardia, 38.5°C fever, tensioning left inguinoscrotal hernia and hyperemia (acute scrotum). By abdominal computed tomography, recto-sigmoid perforation in diverticulitis area with collection and free air in hernial sac, was observed. This clinical fi nding of perforated abscedated diverticuitis with an inguinoscrotal hernia is uncommon. Usefulness of minimally invasive surgery for Hartmann’s procedure without peritoneal contamination as well as surgical piece removal via scrotum is discussed, including a literature review.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells that secrete monoclonal immunglobin (M protein). It accounts for 1% of all cancers and 10% of hematological malignancies. Mean age at diagnosis is 66 years. The most common fi ndings are bone pain, pathological fractures, anemia, bone marrow failure, Infections triggered by neutropenia and immunodefi ciency, and kidney failure and rarely can cause acute hypercalcaemia, symptomatic hyperviscosity, neuropathy, amyloidosis and coagulopathy. Amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by nonspecifi c symptoms and signs. It can be seen anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. In this case, a colonoscopy was performed on the patient who was directed to gastroenterology clinic with rectal bleeding and amyloidosis was detected in the biopsy from tumoral lesions seen in the colonoscopy.

Portal hypertension is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis frequently leading to formation of ascites. We describe two patients that presented with a spontaneous rupture of an umbilical hernia, a rare complication of liver cirrhosis. Umbilical hernia itself however is a common complication of portal hypertension occurring in about 20% of the patients. In general, umbilical hernias in patients with liver cirrhosis warrant elective surgical repair, in a center of expertise with liver cirrhosis, after optimal management of ascites.

Background: Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric vein (IMHMV) is an extremely rare cause of venous mesenteric ischemia. It is defi ned as non-thrombotic occlusion of the mesenteric veins secondary to myointimal hyperplasia. IMHMV is a poorly understood condition involving the rectosigmoid colon predominantly young previously healthy male individuals Purpose - to analyze surgically resected bowel specimens reported routinely as intestinal ischemia for the presence of features of IMHMV. There were 30 IMHMV of 118 cases that had been reported as intestinal ischemia.

Background: Medicinal plants from the Brazilian Cerrado are used in folk medicine to treat several diseases such as gastric disorders. Purpose: The present work evaluated the antiulcerogenic and antimicrobial effects of the ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of two Cerrado plant species.